Japanese Encephalitis is a potentially severe infection of the brain transmitted by mosquitoes. It occurs in large parts of Asia and the Pacific rim.
Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a brain infection transmitted by mosquitoes in parts of Asia and the Pacific.
Mosquitoes that transmit JE are active at night, mostly in rural areas with rice cultivation and pig farming. They can also be found in urban locations.
The risk for most travellers to Asia, especially in urban areas, is very low. The overall incidence of JE among travellers from non-affected countries is less than one case per 1 million.
Risk varies based on destination, duration, season, and activities. Long-term stays in risk areas and rural trips during transmission seasons increase the risk. Outdoor activities like fieldwork or camping can also raise the traveller’s risk.
Most human infections with the Japanese Encephalitis virus do not result in symptoms. When symptoms do occur they include fever, headache and confusion. In symptomatic cases requiring hospitalisation mortality rates are high and neurological complications are common.
The risk of acquiring JE can be reduced by insect bite avoidance, particularly between the hours of dusk and dawn, when Culex mosquitoes are most active.
A licensed JE vaccine; IXIARO® is available and is recommended to those intending to stay for long periods in rural regions where JE occurs during the main transmission season or whose planned activities increase their risk. The vaccination is recommended from the age of 2 months onwards.
As of August 2015, the marketing authority for IXIARO® Japanese Encephalitis vaccine has changed to include an accelerated schedule. Adults 18-65 years of age can be vaccinated as follows: first dose at day 0, second dose, 7 days after the first dose.
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